BMW believes that hydrogen fuel cells are not a dead-end technology and can co-exist with battery-electric vehicles in the automotive industry. The company's general manager of hydrogen technology, Dr. Juergen Guldner, emphasized that the two technologies complement each other by catering to different consumer preferences and vehicle needs. While battery-electric power is suitable for smaller passenger vehicles and urban transport, hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles are better suited for larger vehicles that require long-distance travel and quick refueling capabilities. BMW is actively developing both technologies and is conducting trials with the aim of commercializing hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles by the end of the decade. The company believes that a mix of electric and hydrogen vehicles is essential for decarbonizing vehicle fleets and reducing the strain on energy grids. BMW's approach is supported by a study commissioned by the European Union, which suggests that a combination of electric and hydrogen vehicles could be more cost-effective in the long run. Dr. Guldner highlighted the importance of having a backup technology in case battery advancements do not progress as expected. He mentioned that while infrastructure remains a challenge for hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, local ecosystems are expected to evolve gradually, facilitating the adoption of this technology. The BMW executive also discussed the potential role of governments in supporting the roll-out of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles through incentives and streamlining approval processes for refilling stations. The company's prototype, the iX5 Hydrogen, powered by a fuel cell shared with Toyota and an additional battery pack, showcases BMW's commitment to developing hydrogen technology. Overall, BMW envisions a future where hydrogen fuel cells and battery-electric cars can thrive side by side, catering to a diverse range of consumer preferences and driving needs.