The aviation industry, accounting for approximately 2.5% of the world's CO2 emissions, is actively pursuing sustainable solutions to mitigate its environmental impact. With a focus on hard-to-abate sectors like aviation, shipping, and steel, efforts are being made to decarbonize through innovative technologies and regulatory frameworks. Options such as biofuels, battery-powered electric flight, hydrogen, and electrofuels are being explored to make aviation more environmentally friendly. While biofuels offer immediate emission reductions, challenges like limited sustainable biomass availability persist. Battery-powered electric flight is suitable for short-haul routes, but long-haul flights require energy-dense alternatives like hydrogen and electrofuels. Hydrogen, produced through fossil-free electricity, shows promise for long-haul flights despite infrastructure challenges. Electrofuels, potentially available by 2030, can be blended with biofuels or used independently, leveraging renewable energy sources for production. The EU's RefuelEU aviation initiative mandates increasing incorporation of sustainable aviation fuels and synthetic fuels in the aviation sector, signaling a shift towards greener alternatives by 2050.