The article discusses the urgent need for a renewable energy system to meet the rising energy demand, emphasizing the potential of hydrogen energy as a sustainable and environmentally friendly source. While hydrogen has abundant resources and is emission-free, the development of catalysts for efficient hydrogen production through water electrolysis has been slow due to various challenges. Carbon-based materials are highlighted as potential catalysts due to their high conductivity and tunable properties. However, current carbon composites face limitations such as few active sites and unmoderated bonding energy. The paper delves into the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrocatalytic hydrogen production and provides insights into optimizing the structure of carbon-based materials for enhanced performance. It suggests methods like introducing active sites, improving conductivity, and increasing surface area to boost the efficiency of hydrogen production. The article concludes by outlining future directions and addressing the current issues faced in electrocatalytic hydrogen production using carbon-based composites.