The research conducted by Yehia F. Khalil from Yale University in New Haven, USA, focuses on advancing environmental sustainability and the circular economy through the production of clean and green hydrogen as a promising energy carrier for the future. The study involves a comparative analysis of current and emerging hydrogen production technologies, evaluating them based on quantitative and qualitative decision criteria. Quantitative criteria include the cost of hydrogen production, energy consumption, global warming potential, and technology energy efficiency. Qualitative criteria encompass technology readiness level and availability of supply chain materials. Water electrolysis and biomass waste valorization are highlighted as the most promising near-term solutions to achieve the U.S. Department of Energy's hydrogen production cost goals. The study aims to support the 1-1-1 goal set by the DOE, targeting a hydrogen production cost of USD 1/kg H2 by 2031, which includes costs associated with production, delivery, and dispensing at hydrogen fueling stations. The research emphasizes the importance of science-based evaluations in addressing the techno-economic challenges facing hydrogen production technologies and their role in promoting sustainable energy practices.