Decarbonizing Industrial Sectors: The Role of CCS in the Energy Transition
Key Ideas
  • CCS plays a crucial role in decarbonizing industrial sectors with process emissions that are hard to avoid through other methods.
  • Prioritization of CCS deployment in mineral-based industries and hydrogen production at refineries shows promising long-term decarbonization potential.
  • Alternative technologies in petrochemical industries and iron and steel production may reduce the reliance on CCS in the future.
  • Regional considerations and policies supporting clean energy resources are essential for effective deployment of decarbonization strategies including CCS.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is gaining attention as a crucial tool in the decarbonization of industrial sectors. While often scrutinized for supporting continued fossil fuel use, CCS offers a unique solution for reducing both combustion emissions and process emissions in sectors like mineral, metal, and petroleum-based industries. The article presents a CCS ladder for the United States, outlining the prioritization of CCS deployment across various industrial processes. By evaluating criteria such as CCS feasibility, CO2 mitigation potential, technology readiness, and geospatial dispersion, policymakers can identify key areas where CCS can have the most significant impact. The process also considers alternative decarbonization methods like electrification with renewable energy and fuel switching to hydrogen or sustainable biomass. Regional factors and policies play a crucial role in determining the success of CCS deployment, with clustered large emitters and facilities in states with low carbon grid intensity being strategic locations for CCS projects. Key takeaway points include the favorability of CCS in mineral-based industries, the promising potential of hydrogen production at refineries coupled with CCS, and the temporary nature of CCS solutions in industries like petrochemicals and iron and steel production. The article emphasizes the importance of combining CCS with other decarbonization strategies to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. by mid-century.
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