The study focuses on addressing the challenges faced by the bacterial anode in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), which limit high hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). By improving biofilm attachment using alginate hydrogel and encapsulating the modified bioanode in a filter bag, the researchers aimed to enhance the mechanical strength and stability of the bioanode. The MEC with the encapsulated alginate bioanode demonstrated superior performance compared to other controls, achieving higher current density and hydrogen evolution rates, particularly when dealing with wastewater as the carbon source. The research also highlighted the impact of bacterial distribution, with Geobacter being the predominant species. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of bio-electroactivity enhancement in MECs through innovative solutions like alginate hydrogel for improved hydrogen production and wastewater treatment efficiency.