Research conducted by the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) in Mohali focuses on the proton adsorption behavior on catalyst surfaces and its implications for green hydrogen production. By investigating the effects of built-in electric fields (BIEF) in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) based p-n heterojunctions, researchers have identified promising materials that could enhance hydrogen evolution reactions. The study emphasizes the significance of parameters like work function, BIEF, and Gibbs free energy in understanding the reaction mechanisms involved. The research showcases the development of a CuWO₄-CuO heterostructure catalyst and highlights the variations in Gibbs free energy profile for proton adsorption, contributing to efficient hydrogen adsorption and desorption near the depletion region. The study also reveals insights into 'negative cooperativity,' where proton coverage affects the catalyst's surface affinity for proton adsorption. These findings could lead to the design of more effective electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production. The research, published in Advanced Energy Materials, is expected to advance electrocatalytic hydrogen production technologies and contribute to the development of sustainable energy solutions. Understanding proton behavior at catalyst surfaces is crucial for designing electrocatalysts with robust activity for green hydrogen generation, thereby supporting the progression of clean energy technologies to address environmental challenges.