The global energy crisis and the urgent need for more sustainable energy sources have prompted researchers to explore alternatives like biohydrogen. As societies strive towards carbon neutrality, renewable energy sources are essential. Hydrogen, with its clean combustion products and extensive availability, is gaining attention as a viable carbon-neutral fuel. While most hydrogen currently comes from non-renewable fossil fuels, the emphasis is shifting towards green hydrogen production from renewable resources. Anaerobic fermentation, a biological hydrogen production method, shows promise in converting waste biomass to hydrogen efficiently. However, challenges like low yield and reliability hinder its large-scale commercial application. Optimization of operational parameters and the use of additives have been proposed to improve efficiency and yield. Additionally, research is focusing on enhancing the activity of hydrogenases, crucial enzymes for hydrogen production during anaerobic fermentation. By overcoming these challenges, biohydrogen could emerge as a key player in the transition to sustainable energy sources.