Renewable-energy-driven water electrolysis has garnered attention for producing hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, with researchers exploring alternatives for the anodic reaction. Electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is recognized as a valuable reaction due to its green oxidizing properties and diverse industrial applications. Unlike the unsustainable anthraquinone oxidation process, electrocatalytic water oxidation to generate H2O2 is considered more environmentally friendly. The unique two-electron water oxidation reaction poses challenges compared to traditional O2 evolution reactions, spurring investigations into catalytic materials and aqueous electrolyte optimization. Studies show increased H2O2 production rates in carbonate solutions, highlighting the importance of electrolyte selection. Debate surrounds the anodic water oxidation mechanism for H2O2 production, with proposed routes involving key intermediate species and electron coupling at the electrode surface. In-situ spectroscopic techniques are being utilized to elucidate these mechanisms and enhance the efficiency of H2O2 generation. The quest for sustainable and efficient hydrogen peroxide production through electrochemical methods reflects a shift towards greener practices in the chemical industry.