Green Hydrogen: Revolutionizing Ammonia Production in Europe
Key Ideas
  • Ammonia production in Europe could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions by switching to green or almost green hydrogen, as shown in a study by researchers from HKUST and ETH Zurich.
  • Countries like Norway, Spain, Hungary, and Poland are already economically viable for producing ammonia using sustainable electricity due to favorable conditions and low electricity costs.
  • Using green hydrogen for ammonia production could lead to a 95% reduction in emissions compared to the current methods, with the final 5% of decarbonization being the most expensive and complex.
  • Future hydrogen production for ammonia plants may involve building new solar or wind farms next to existing facilities, with regions in Southern Europe and along the Atlantic coast having an advantage due to favorable geographical conditions.
In April 2024, Axpo, a Swiss electricity company, inaugurated a hydrogen production facility in Graubünden linked to a hydropower plant. While the debate on 100% green hydrogen continues, researchers argue that 'nearly sustainable' hydrogen, particularly for ammonia production, could be more beneficial. Currently, ammonia plants rely on hydrogen derived from natural gas, leading to high emissions and dependence on gas-exporting nations. Transitioning to green hydrogen produced through electrolysis could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease reliance on fossil fuels. A study focusing on the European ammonia industry highlights the economic viability of switching to green hydrogen in countries like Norway and Spain, where sustainable electricity generation is cost-effective. Moreover, using green hydrogen can cut emissions significantly, with 95% reduction achievable by limiting CO2 release in hydrogen production. However, complete decarbonization would be too costly, emphasizing the need for pragmatic goals. Future hydrogen production may involve establishing solar and wind farms near ammonia plants, especially in regions with favorable conditions. Overall, the shift towards green hydrogen presents a promising opportunity for decarbonizing ammonia production and advancing the energy transition.
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