MIT scientists have introduced an innovative method to produce ammonia underground, harnessing Earth's natural heat and pressure to revolutionize the industry's sustainability. Traditional ammonia production, a vital component of fertilizers, is a major carbon emitter due to reliance on fossil fuels for hydrogen production. The new approach involves exposing iron-rich minerals to water laced with nitrogen, triggering reactions that generate hydrogen and subsequently ammonia. Lab simulations have shown promising results, with the potential to produce ammonia at a cost of $0.55 per kilogram, making it competitive with conventional methods. Scaling up this process could significantly reduce carbon emissions, as it eliminates the need for external energy input during the reaction phase. The researchers plan to conduct pilot tests underground by 2026, aiming to integrate wastewater treatment with ammonia production, utilizing nitrogen-rich wastewater as a resource. While challenges remain in understanding rock-fluid interactions, this method presents a sustainable and cost-effective solution with the potential to transform ammonia production globally.