The Harvard Salata Institute for Climate and Sustainability hosted its second annual Climate Action Week in June, addressing critical global challenges related to carbon emissions and climate policy. Despite the declining cost of renewable energy sources, the United States is falling short of its commitments under the Paris Agreement. The urgent need to reduce emissions to limit global warming to 2.0 degrees Celsius was emphasized, as current trends predict a rise of 2.5 to 3 degrees Celsius. The event kicked off with discussions on decarbonizing the iron and steel industries, crucial sectors that contribute significantly to global carbon dioxide emissions. Leaders from Fortescue and ArcelorMittal outlined ambitious plans to achieve zero-emission steelmaking through innovative technologies like green hydrogen and carbon capture. Andrew Forrest of Fortescue highlighted the company's shift towards sustainability, aiming to eliminate a billion liters of diesel consumption annually by 2028. Both Forrest and Aditya Mittal emphasized that the barriers to achieving these goals are not technological but rather regulatory and market-related. The challenges faced by industry leaders include adapting vast enterprises to new technologies and sustainability goals while navigating uncertain policy environments. Fortescue, for instance, will forego significant diesel fuel rebates in its transition to sustainable practices. The event shed light on the complexities of transitioning large industrial sectors to greener alternatives and highlighted the importance of collaborative efforts to combat climate change.