The article discusses the innovative synthesis of highly dispersed Cobalt doped ZnS nanostructures on graphene sheets through a hydrothermal method for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Various characterization techniques including XRD, XPS, RS, FTIR, and SEM were utilized to analyze the structural properties of the Cobalt doped ZnS-rGO nanostructures. Additionally, UV-visible optical absorption studies were conducted to investigate their optical properties. The study showed that the Co-ZnS-rGO nanostructures had a crystalline structure, and SEM analysis revealed a unique cuboidal and spheroidal form of the structure with a paper-like appearance. The results demonstrated that as the Cobalt content increased, the nanostructures exhibited a decrease in band gap, leading to improved photocatalytic activity. The Co0.04Zn0.96S rGO nanostructure was identified as having the highest photocatalytic activity, measured at 7648.9 μmol h^-1. The research highlights the significance of exploring non-noble metal-based materials for sustainable hydrogen production through photocatalytic water splitting, leveraging visible light as an energy source. The article also emphasizes the importance of transitioning towards green energy resources to combat environmental stress, with a specific focus on hydrogen as a clean and abundant element with high energy content. It underscores the role of hydrogen as an ideal energy carrier that can be used across various sectors. The study aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 7 which calls for the exploration of new renewable energy sources in the quest for a sustainable future.