The article discusses the importance of vicinal diols or glycols like ethylene and propylene glycols in various industries and the challenges associated with their traditional production methods, including safety risks, high energy consumption, and low selectivity. Researchers have been exploring one-step, mild reaction approaches to overcome these challenges. The article highlights the development of alternative catalytic systems, such as electrocatalytic processes, for the sustainable synthesis of glycols like ethylene and propylene glycols. In recent years, researchers have focused on developing economic and environmentally friendly catalytic systems for glycol synthesis. The article mentions various studies that have explored different routes, including the use of carbon nanotube stabilized catalysts and molecular catalysts, to enhance the efficiency of glycol production. The article introduces a novel photocatalytic process for the direct dihydroxylation of ethylene and propylene into their glycols using water as the oxygen source. This process involves a catalyst comprising Pd clusters stabilized by polyoxometalate clusters on a TiO2 semiconductor. The interaction between the components facilitates efficient electron transfer and hydroxylation of olefins. Under optimized conditions, the catalyst shows high glycol production rates and selectivities. The results and discussion section details the evaluation of the photocatalyst under different conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Pd/NPW/TiO2 catalyst in producing ethylene glycol and propylene glycol with high selectivity and productivity. The article concludes by highlighting the potential of this innovative photocatalytic process as a green and economically feasible route for glycol synthesis.