Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is laying out a comprehensive plan to propel the development of new research reactors and enhance the technological foundations for next-generation advanced reactors. This initiative aligns with the country's commitment to achieving carbon neutrality and ushering in green transformation, with nuclear power being deemed a crucial component in this endeavor. The ministry's forthcoming policy direction underscores the significance of nuclear science and technology in ensuring energy security, economic stability, and technological advancement. Given the current energy price fluctuations due to geopolitical tensions, the emphasis on nuclear power is heightened. The ministry's plan includes the construction of a new research reactor at the site of the decommissioned Monju prototype fast breeder reactor in Tsuruga, Fukui Prefecture. This move comes in response to the urgent need for new research reactors as many existing ones are undergoing decommissioning. Additionally, the plan involves the exploration of next-generation advanced reactors such as fast reactors and high-temperature gas reactors, which have the potential to enhance safety and fuel processing efficiency. These reactors are also envisioned to facilitate the production of hydrogen, a key clean energy source. The vision extends to developing technologies for fuel production for reactors like the Joyo experimental fast reactor in Oarai and integrating high-temperature gas reactors with hydrogen production facilities by 2030. By prioritizing research and innovation in nuclear science and technology, Japan aims to revitalize its nuclear sector and play a strategic role in the global transition towards sustainable energy solutions.