China and Roscosmos are collaborating to establish the International Lunar Research Station (ILRSP) on the Moon's southern polar region, with construction starting by 2030. The focus is to develop a permanent base that will rival NASA's Artemis Program. A recent breakthrough by a research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences involves a novel method to produce water on the Moon through a reaction between lunar regolith and endogenous hydrogen. This discovery presents a game-changing opportunity for sustaining future lunar settlements, addressing the need for water, propellant, and breathable oxygen. The process, as described in their paper published in The Innovation, involves heating lunar regolith to release water vapor, with a significant water yield that surpasses natural hydroxyl content on the Moon. By utilizing focused sunlight, this method can be driven cost-effectively, potentially revolutionizing lunar resource utilization. The team's findings also highlight the potential for extracting hydrogen and oxygen gas from regolith for various purposes, offering a sustainable solution for lunar exploration. While the process's reliance on sunlight presents a challenge, solutions like solar mirrors could optimize water harvesting capabilities. Overall, this breakthrough signifies a significant step in advancing lunar exploration and establishing self-sustaining scientific research stations on the Moon.