Plastic pollution remains a pressing global concern, with staggering amounts of plastic waste posing threats to the environment and human health. Researchers at Kyushu University in Japan have developed a groundbreaking catalyst using cadmium sulfide (CdS) that can break down plastic waste into hydrogen, offering a promising solution to the plastic pollution crisis. By introducing sulfur vacancies in the CdS structure, the catalyst shows a remarkable 23-fold increase in hydrogen production compared to standard CdS, while also effectively breaking down common plastics like PET. The study highlights the potential for materials science to drive significant environmental impact by transforming waste into valuable resources. Plastic pollution, ranging from large litter to microplastics found across various ecosystems, underscores the urgency for action. Organizations like The Ocean Cleanup and the Plastic Pollution Coalition are actively working to combat plastic pollution through clean-up initiatives, policy advocacy, and awareness campaigns. While some countries have taken bold steps such as banning single-use plastics and implementing recycling targets, challenges like poor enforcement and plastic waste exportation persist. The European Union and countries in Southeast Asia have been at the forefront of policy initiatives to reduce plastic waste, signaling a shift towards more sustainable practices. However, issues like corruption, weak regulations, and inadequate waste management systems hinder progress, emphasizing the need for global cooperation to address plastic pollution and move towards a cleaner future.