Wastewater treatment plants, especially in China, face the challenge of managing the substantial waste activated sludge (WAS) generated during sewage treatment. This article explores the potential of harnessing hydrogen, a clean energy carrier, from sludge fermentation. By focusing on the use of urea to enhance hydrogen production, researchers conducted experiments to evaluate its feasibility and mechanism. Urea, known for its denaturing effect on proteins, has shown promise in breaking down organic matter like cellulose and lignin in WAS, thus promoting microbial activity and fermentation. Additionally, urea's ability to produce free ammonia in situ during fermentation helps maintain pH stability by absorbing hydrogen ions, reducing the need for alkali input. The study conducted batch anaerobic fermentation experiments, monitoring indicators like protein content, EPS cracking, and organic matter degradability to assess urea's impact. Results indicated that under optimized conditions with urea exposure, the maximum hydrogen production reached 24.57 mL/g VSS. This increase in hydrogen yield was attributed to the damage caused to EPS and cells by in-situ free ammonia generated from urea hydrolysis. Overall, this research underscores the potential of using urea in WAS alkaline fermentation to enhance hydrogen production sustainably, offering insights into a greener approach to energy generation.