The latest research has shed light on how archaea, an ancient microbial ancestor to humans, harness hydrogen gas for energy production. This groundbreaking discovery, detailed in the paper published in Cell, unveils the mechanism through which these microorganisms have thrived in Earth's harshest conditions for over two billion years. Led by a team of scientists from Monash University, the study reveals that some archaea utilize unique hydrogen-using enzymes, [FeFe]-hydrogenases, previously not identified in this domain of life. Contrary to prior beliefs, these enzymes are not exclusive to eukaryotes and bacteria, showcasing the remarkable diversity in archaea's hydrogen metabolism. The implications of this research extend beyond fundamental biology. The findings open doors for industrial applications, particularly in the realm of hydrogen production. By mimicking the efficient and resilient biological catalysts found in archaea, there is potential to enhance current hydrogen utilization methods, steering towards a more sustainable and eco-friendly economy. This discovery also hints at the origin of eukaryotes, suggesting a fusion between archaea and bacteria involving hydrogen exchange, laying the groundwork for the evolution of complex life forms, including humans. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of delving into nature's mechanisms for inspiration in addressing modern challenges. With archaea's ancient energy production strategy offering novel avenues for innovation, the scientific community is poised to unravel more secrets from these resilient microorganisms, potentially transforming various industries and technologies.