On 14 February 2025, Australia's 'Future Made in Australia (Production Tax Credits and Other Measures) Act 2025' received Royal Assent, introducing the Critical Minerals Production Tax Incentive (CMPTI) and Hydrogen Production Tax Incentive (HPTI). The CMPTI offers a 10% refundable tax offset to entities processing and refining specific critical minerals listed in the legislation, excluding uranium. The HPTI provides a AU$2 per kilogram refundable tax offset for eligible renewable hydrogen production facilities for up to 10 years. Both incentives, part of the 'Future made in Australia' agenda, aim to boost these industries and are legislated under Australia's income tax law. To qualify, entities need to adhere to community benefit principles and avoid tax avoidance measures. The CMPTI, expected to be worth AU$7bn over the next decade, sets out specific requirements for entities to claim the tax offset, including residency and processing activity criteria. Registration for CMPTI processing activities must involve transforming critical minerals through processing activities in Australia, excluding mining and beneficiation. The implementation of these incentives signifies Australia's commitment to fostering its critical minerals and renewable energy sectors.