Balancing the Energy Demands of AI and Clean Technologies: Lessons from Hydrogen Innovation
Key Ideas
  • Historically, the U.S. has successfully met energy demands of new industries while advancing clean energy goals.
  • Challenges emerge with the rapid growth of energy-intensive AI technologies and clean technologies like hydrogen.
  • Proposed "additionality" frameworks for AI and hydrogen aim to promote new clean energy generation alongside technological growth.
  • National AI Additionality Framework suggested to ensure new AI capabilities are powered by additional clean energy sources for long-term sustainability.
The article addresses the dilemma posed by the surging energy demands of the AI industry and clean technologies like hydrogen while striving to maintain clean energy objectives. By drawing parallels to historical trends of meeting electricity demands of innovative industries, the author suggests that scaling technological innovations can be aligned with scaling energy innovations to avoid a trade-off between innovation and clean energy goals. The concept of additionality, as proposed, emphasizes incentivizing companies and utilities to introduce new, additional clean energy sources to power expanding computing and hydrogen production needs. The article highlights the potential of AI technologies to enhance economic productivity, national security, and accelerate the energy transition. However, it warns about the increasing energy intensity of data centers and the risks of surging energy demands leading to a reliance on fossil fuels without proper policies. The piece discusses the energy-intensive nature of hydrogen production and the importance of ensuring that hydrogen demand drives investments in new clean electricity generation. It also mentions the proposed Inflation Reduction Act's subsidies for hydrogen producers who match their electricity consumption with new clean energy generation. The article emphasizes the necessity of a national solution, like the National AI Additionality Framework, to ensure that as AI capabilities expand, new clean energy sources are brought online to strengthen competitiveness, mitigate economic and ecological consequences, and uphold climate commitments.
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