In 2024, India's energy landscape showcased a mix of renewable energy growth and continued reliance on fossil fuels. Despite heavy coal dependency, renewable energy targets, especially in solar, saw significant growth with government and private sector efforts. India is diversifying crude oil imports while aiming to raise the share of natural gas in its sustainable energy mix. The sector witnessed increased infrastructure investments and a push towards green hydrogen initiatives, supported by subsidies for renewable projects. The country's sustainability commitments include circularity initiatives and advancements in carbon capture technologies. Looking ahead to 2025, energy security through domestic exploration, production, and alternative sources like biofuels and hydrogen remains a key focus. Investments in renewables, particularly solar, wind, and energy storage solutions, are set to continue, with a growing emphasis on the green hydrogen ecosystem. While coal will remain important, nuclear energy, including Bharat Small Reactors, is emerging as a low-carbon alternative. Global oil market dynamics, including potential price increases and LNG opportunities, are shaping India's energy import strategies. Indian oil majors are expanding internationally to secure resources and new markets, with plans for significant refining capacity additions by 2030.