Scientists have introduced a groundbreaking energy system for autonomous underwater robots, particularly ocean gliders, using hydrogen and oxygen instead of traditional lithium batteries. This hydrogen-based system, developed by researchers at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, allows for an extended operational range for gliders while overcoming the limitations and challenges posed by lithium batteries during underwater missions. By leveraging membrane technology to extract oxygen from seawater, similar to the mechanism of a fish's gills, the system ensures a continuous and sustainable energy supply. The fuel cell power supply system, powered by this hydrogen-based setup, eliminates the need for storing oxygen onboard, thereby enabling greater hydrogen storage, enhanced energy density, reduced operational costs, and longer deployment durations for underwater gliders. Published in Advanced Science, the study details the innovative system that utilizes a polymer membrane to harvest oxygen from the ambient water, enabling a continuous supply to the fuel cell. A prototype system was constructed based on mathematical models, demonstrating the feasibility and efficiency of this new power supply approach. Researchers emphasized that this system has the potential to outperform existing battery solutions in terms of energy efficiency and operational capabilities. Furthermore, the project will be advanced through the MUSE initiative, a collaborative effort involving various research institutes. By optimizing the hydrogen-based energy system, researchers aim to enhance marine technology and infrastructure, opening up new possibilities for underwater research and exploration. The study also highlights the utilization of membrane modules as artificial gills to maintain oxygen supply for fuel cells underwater, showcasing a sustainable and effective method for continuous operation. Overall, the development of this hydrogen-based energy system marks a significant advancement in underwater robotics and marine technology, offering a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional power sources.