Inhabited islands face unique energy challenges due to low power demand and high conventional energy costs, driving the development of Island Energy Systems (IESs) with renewable energy sources (RESs). The intermittency of RESs necessitates energy storage solutions, where hydrogen emerges as a promising option for large-scale and long-term storage. Hydrogen's potential extends to transportation and industrial sectors, enhancing the benefits of large-scale production. The integration of electricity-hydrogen IESs presents a practical pathway to energy independence. However, the complexity of hydrogen systems requires a focus on resiliency to ensure stable operations, especially in tourism and resource-focused islands where power shortages can lead to significant losses. Research is actively exploring IESs and EH-IESs for sustainable clean energy provision, including seawater desalination. Integration of energy storage devices and power-to-gas technologies further boosts renewable energy penetration. Several studies analyze the economic feasibility, capacity planning, and operational optimization of EH-IESs, with a key emphasis on managing uncertainties associated with RES outputs, load fluctuations, and device failures. These efforts aim to reduce costs, enhance efficiency, and promote the adoption of hydrogen in island energy solutions.