Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) offer high energy density, rapid response, efficiency, and environmental friendliness. However, challenges like fuel cell durability, low-temperature start capability, and manufacturing costs hinder their widespread use. Excess water generated during operation can lead to ice formation in low temperatures, affecting gas transfer and electrochemical processes. Proper gas purge operations post-shutdown are essential to remove excess water and prevent icing during cold starts. Maintaining optimal membrane water content is crucial for successful cold starts. Indirect methods like AC impedance testing are used to measure water content, with high frequency resistance being a key parameter. Equilibrium purge methods and innovative techniques like pressure reduction and vacuum-assisted purging have been developed to enhance water removal efficiency. Addition of hydrogen to purge gas accelerates water evaporation. Mathematical models and experimental studies focus on refining purge strategies and optimizing water management in PEMFCs for efficient cold starts and sustained operation. Research continues to explore parameters influencing water removal and the development of effective purge methods for improving PEMFC performance.