Toyota Motor Corp, in collaboration with Mazda Motor Corp and Subaru Corp, unveiled prototypes of internal combustion engines capable of running on hydrogen, gasoline, and other fuels. The aim is to popularize alternative technologies to reduce carbon emissions and comply with stringent emission regulations in the future. The Japanese manufacturers, despite their robust hybrid-car sales, believe that fuel-burning engines still have a role to play in the industry's transition to decarbonization, alongside battery EVs. They emphasized the need for engines that can efficiently utilize various types of fuel to achieve carbon neutrality. Toyota, Mazda, and Subaru are working on developing smaller, more efficient engines that can adapt to electric-vehicle manufacturing platforms. While Toyota remains committed to introducing millions of battery EVs in the near future, they argue that a 'multipathway' strategy is vital, offering customers a range of powertrain options including hybrids, hydrogen fuel cells, combustion engines, and battery EVs. The carmakers showcased engine prototypes that are more compact and powerful than existing technology, emphasizing the importance of flexibility and creativity in design. While Subaru plans to retain its signature horizontal boxer engine but modify it to burn alternative fuel, Toyota presented 1.5 litre and 2.5 litre engines that are shorter, smaller, and more potent. Despite the focus on developing new engines, Toyota reaffirmed its commitment to EVs by announcing significant investments in research and development for decarbonization and next-generation software. The decision to pursue engines compatible with alternative fuels will ultimately be driven by business feasibility. In conclusion, the collaboration between Toyota, Mazda, and Subaru signals a strategic shift towards sustainable transportation solutions, integrating hydrogen-compatible engines with a diverse range of powertrains to address environmental concerns in the automotive industry.