The US Department of Energy is allocating funding towards hydrogen fuel cell research for heavy-duty and off-road vehicles, with a particular focus on testing the viability of hydrogen as a fuel source for these machines. The DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office is investing about $4 million to establish a new research facility at Argonne National Laboratory, expected to open in fall 2025. This facility will specifically research new polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems ranging from 150 to 600 kilowatts, targeting their potential use in railroad locomotives, heavy trucks, marine vessels, and machinery in the mining and agriculture industries. The goal is to provide a national resource for analysis and testing of heavy-duty fuel cell systems to advance fuel cell performance for various transportation applications. The initiative aligns with efforts to address the increasing pollution from heavy-duty vehicles, as reported by the UN Environment Programme, showcasing the potential of green hydrogen as a clean-burning fuel produced using renewable energy. Alongside government initiatives, private companies like Hyzon and New Way Trucks are also exploring hydrogen technology, with Hyzon introducing the first American hydrogen fuel cell garbage truck in Las Vegas. Despite the benefits of hydrogen as a fuel, its impact relies on sustainable production and management to mitigate environmental concerns. The advancement of hydrogen fuel cell technology in heavy-duty transportation is essential to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing environmental sustainability. The focus on rigorous testing and technology development at the new research facility is crucial in accelerating the integration of fuel cell systems in various transportation applications.