Unlocking the Potential: Offshore Wind-to-Hydrogen Systems in the United States
Key Ideas
  • Offshore wind turbines along the U.S. Atlantic Coast and in the Gulf of Mexico show economic promise for producing clean hydrogen through water splitting.
  • The integration of offshore wind and clean hydrogen technologies could help decarbonize hard-to-electrify sectors and achieve DOE's clean hydrogen cost target.
  • Research evaluates scenarios of offshore wind-to-hydrogen production, with potential cost reductions to below $2 per kilogram by 2030, driven by policy incentives and innovation.
  • Analysis identifies optimal locations, such as the New York Bight and Gulf of Mexico, for offshore wind-to-hydrogen systems, highlighting the importance of storage methods on cost efficiency.
Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have identified promising locations off the U.S. coastlines, particularly along the Atlantic Coast and in the Gulf of Mexico, for the installation of technology combining offshore wind turbines with the production of clean hydrogen through water splitting. The study, published in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series, indicates that regions with shallow waters and strong winds are economically viable for such systems. By 2030, a combination of technological advancements, policy incentives, and offshore wind integration could potentially drive the cost of clean hydrogen production below $2 per kilogram, aligning with the U.S. Department of Energy's goal. The research explored two scenarios for offshore wind-to-hydrogen production, assessing the techno-economics and optimal locations for these systems. One scenario involved the conventional approach of transmitting electricity from offshore wind to an onshore site for hydrogen production, while the other involved splitting hydrogen from desalinated seawater at the offshore wind plant site. The latter scenario, although posing technical challenges, offers potential cost efficiencies. The study emphasizes the significance of storage methods on the overall cost of hydrogen production, with locations like the New York Bight and Gulf of Mexico showing promising cost efficiency due to higher wind capacity and storage options. However, deeper waters off northern California and the Gulf of Maine may require floating platforms for wind turbines and underground storage for hydrogen. This research not only highlights the economic potential of offshore wind-to-hydrogen systems but also underscores the importance of continued investment in technology development and policy support to drive cost reductions and facilitate large-scale deployment. The study was funded by the Wind Energy Technologies Office and the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy, and it sets the stage for further advancements in renewable energy integration and decarbonization efforts.
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