Unlocking the Potential: Offshore Wind-to-Hydrogen Systems in the US
Key Ideas
  • Offshore wind-generated electricity can be economically used to produce clean hydrogen in specific US coastal areas with strong winds and shallow waters.
  • Cost-competitive clean hydrogen at $2/kg by 2030 is achievable through technology advancements, policy incentives, and innovative system designs.
  • Two scenarios of offshore wind-to-hydrogen production were analyzed, focusing on fixed-bottom and floating turbines, with New York Bight projected to have the lowest cost.
  • Policy incentives and storage methods, like caverns, play crucial roles in reducing the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) in offshore wind-to-hydrogen systems.
Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have identified promising locations off the US coastlines, particularly along the Atlantic Coast and in the Gulf of Mexico, for the installation of technology to split water and produce clean hydrogen using electricity generated by offshore wind turbines. The study, 'Potential for large-scale deployment of offshore wind-to-hydrogen systems in the United States,' published in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series, highlights the economic viability of this approach in regions with strong winds and shallow waters. The Department of Energy's goal of achieving $1/kg for clean hydrogen by 2031 can be realized through advancements in technology and location optimization. The analysis considered two scenarios for offshore wind-to-hydrogen production: one involving onshore electrolysis and another where hydrogen is split from desalinated seawater at the offshore wind plant site. By 2030, a combination of factors including policy incentives and fixed-bottom offshore wind with onshore electrolysis could lead to hydrogen production for less than $2/kg. Factors such as the site selection and storage method significantly impact the cost, with the New York Bight area projected to have the lowest levelized cost of hydrogen. The research also emphasized the need for innovative configurations to integrate the necessary equipment for offshore renewable hydrogen production, emphasizing the uncharted territory of gigawatt-scale operations. Policy incentives are essential in further reducing costs, revealing a promising outlook for large-scale deployment of offshore wind-to-hydrogen systems in the US. Funding for the research was provided by the DOE's Wind Energy Technologies Office and the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office.
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