Transport in Australia is a major contributor to emissions, with on-road diesel vehicles, particularly in the freight sector, playing a dominant role. To address this issue, research was conducted to evaluate the decarbonisation potential of electric and hydrogen trucks. The study found that electric trucks are a more effective and quicker solution for reducing emissions compared to hydrogen trucks. While both types of trucks have zero tailpipe emissions, hydrogen trucks exhibited significantly higher emissions intensity due to production complexities and energy losses in the supply chain. The research highlighted the importance of lifecycle analysis to assess the overall carbon footprints of different truck technologies. By modeling various scenarios with different energy mixes and adoption rates, the study demonstrated that a shift towards renewable energy sources could significantly reduce freight emissions. However, challenges such as manufacturing, maintenance, and disposal emissions need to be addressed to achieve substantial emission cuts. The study also revealed industry readiness challenges, with most trucking organizations expressing basic knowledge of low-emission trucks and concerns about high upfront costs and infrastructure limitations. Overcoming these barriers will require a mix of industry interventions and supportive policies to accelerate the transition to low-emission trucks and achieve meaningful reductions in transport emissions.