China is positioning itself as a significant player in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production, utilizing abundant feedstocks and a burgeoning renewable energy sector. The country's emphasis on domestic production of SAF, derived largely from waste and residue feedstocks like used cooking oil, could propel its aviation industry toward a greener future. With projections indicating China's air travel market could become the world's largest by 2043, there is a strategic focus on expanding SAF refineries and accelerating green hydrogen production. Despite the promising outlook, challenges loom ahead. The reliance on used cooking oil as a primary feedstock may face constraints in the long term, necessitating investment in alternative pathways such as alcohol-to-jet and power-to-liquid fuel. While these alternatives offer potential, issues like feedstock limitations and curtailment of renewable energy pose significant obstacles. To overcome these challenges and scale up SAF production, China would need to address infrastructure needs, reduce technology costs, and prioritize decarbonization efforts across various industries. Regulatory frameworks, including potential SAF mandates and incentives, are crucial for fostering industry growth and boosting investor confidence in the SAF market. International collaboration and policy alignment will also be vital for China's SAF ambitions, given the global impact of sustainable aviation fuel production. By navigating these challenges effectively and harnessing its renewable energy capacity, China stands poised to lead the way in sustainable aviation fuel production and contribute significantly to the decarbonization of the aviation sector.