The aviation sector is facing challenges with emissions soaring post-COVID-19 pandemic as the aircraft fleet is set to expand rapidly. The growth of the sector has outpaced other modes of transportation, contributing significantly to global CO2 emissions and global warming. To combat this, a multi-thronged approach is needed, including the uptake of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF), advancements in design, efficiencies, and demand management. Decarbonizing the aviation sector is crucial for the energy transition. Liquid aviation fuels have a high energy density, allowing for greater range and efficiency required for long-haul flights. While alternative fuels like biofuels, gaseous hydrogen, and lithium-ion batteries have lower energy densities, they offer substantial emissions reductions, with battery-powered aircraft potentially reducing emissions by 90%. Fuel consumption for aviation is substantial, but SAF production is set to increase, especially with mandates in regions like the EU, US, and UK. SAF can significantly reduce carbon emissions compared to standard jet fuel, with various feedstocks like waste oils, fats, and agricultural residues being used. Australia's renewable energy resources and growing green hydrogen production will be crucial in supporting biofuel refining processes. The synthesis of hydrogen with CO2 to produce SAF shows promise, with Australia expected to support billions of litres of SAF production by 2050. By leveraging a combination of feedstocks and technologies, Australia can play a significant role in meeting its jet fuel demand while contributing to global emissions reduction efforts.