Toyota's Chief Scientist, Gill Pratt, challenges the industry's singular focus on battery electric vehicles, advocating for a nuanced approach to reduce automotive carbon emissions. Pratt envisions a future where multiple technologies like e-fuels and hydrogen play crucial roles in combating carbon emissions. He introduces the '1:6:90 rule' to show the efficiency of different electrification strategies, emphasizing the potential of plug-in hybrid vehicles and full hybrids. Despite concerns about lithium supply shortage, Pratt believes that alternative battery chemistries won't solve the issue. He also sees potential in e-fuels, despite high production costs and competition from other sectors. Toyota continues to explore hydrogen as an alternative fuel for both fuel cells and internal combustion engines, with a focus on infrastructure development for heavy vehicles. Pratt expresses skepticism about battery-powered heavy trucks due to concerns like reduced payload capacity, extended charging times, and high infrastructure costs. Throughout the interview, Pratt stresses the importance of a diverse and pragmatic approach to reducing global carbon emissions, adapting strategies to different regional contexts and infrastructure realities.