Public transportation is undergoing a significant transformation towards sustainability and environmental consciousness, with electric buses leading the charge. The shift towards electric buses is driven by rising concerns over air pollution and carbon emissions. Technological advancements in battery life and energy efficiency, along with government incentives, are accelerating the adoption of eco-friendly public transport modes. While battery electric buses dominate the market, hydrogen fuel cell technology is also gaining traction for its quick refueling times and extended ranges. Regions like Asia-Pacific, Europe, and North America are investing in electric buses to improve air quality and reduce noise pollution. However, key questions and challenges remain, including comparisons with traditional diesel buses, infrastructure requirements for scaling up fleets, limitations of hydrogen fuel cells, affordability, and the role of emerging technologies like autonomous buses. Advantages of electric buses include reduced emissions, lower operating costs, quieter operations, and improved air quality. Challenges such as upfront costs, range limitations, reliance on electricity grids, and environmental impacts of battery production need to be addressed for sustainable urban mobility. Addressing these issues will be crucial in creating a truly sustainable urban mobility ecosystem.