The All-Island Strategic Rail Review in Ireland aims to significantly enhance rail connectivity across the country, with plans to restore, build, and expand rail networks in 31 out of 32 counties over the next 25 years. The review proposes various recommendations to make train travel quicker and environmentally friendly, including restoring lines between different counties, building new direct lines, and connecting airports to the rail network. While some proposals are expected to proceed in the short term, the review also focuses on medium- to long-term ambitions, such as decarbonisation strategies for the railways. Options considered include electrified railways, battery electric trains, and hydrogen-powered trains to reduce carbon emissions and support passenger services over long distances. The estimated capital cost for implementing all recommendations by 2050 is between €35 billion and €37 billion, with funding expected from the Government and the Northern Ireland Executive. The upfront costs are aimed to be spread over 25 years, with the potential for economic benefits and a return on investment. The review highlights the importance of developing an All-Island Rail Decarbonisation Strategy, investing in skills and supply chains for decarbonisation, and procuring hybrid and electric rolling stock in the medium term.