JR Central has embarked on a groundbreaking initiative to revolutionize train propulsion by developing a prototype hydrogen engine hybrid system. This system aims to replace diesel trains on non-electrified routes, with the ultimate goal of achieving zero CO2 emissions by 2050. The project focuses on utilizing hydrogen as a clean fuel source, either through fuel cells or hydrogen engines that generate electricity for train propulsion. This cutting-edge development builds upon JR Central's existing hybrid system, enhancing it with hydrogen technology for enhanced performance and environmental sustainability. The prototype system comprises a hydrogen engine customized for railcar use, a generator, a rolling stock control device, and batteries from the Series HC85. The hydrogen engine offers advantages in terms of durability, high power output, and efficiency, particularly under heavy loads. By requiring less pure hydrogen compared to fuel cells, the system also presents potential logistical and cost-saving benefits. A key innovation of this prototype is the modification of the hydrogen engine to maintain a constant speed optimized for rail applications. Additionally, a new control system has been integrated to optimize the use of the hydrogen engine and batteries based on operational demands, ensuring both efficiency and reliability. JR Central's project is not only a technological advancement but also a practical solution for routes currently dependent on diesel trains. By adopting hydrogen technology, JR Central aims to continue services in mountainous and rural areas while significantly reducing carbon emissions. The rigorous testing of the prototype at the Komaki Research Center is crucial to ensuring its applicability in Japan's challenging terrain, emphasizing the company's commitment to sustainability and innovation in the transportation sector.