As the world accelerates efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change, the transportation sector emerges as a critical area for transition. With a quarter of global energy-related emissions arising from transportation, the need for greener, more efficient fuels is paramount. Fossil fuels, long the backbone of the industry, are being phased out in favor of alternatives that are not only environmentally friendly but also meet the specific requirements of different modes of transport. The transition to sustainable fuels is complex, with each energy solution presenting its own set of advantages and challenges. While batteries offer efficiency, they struggle with weight limitations. Hydrogen, despite its high energy density, faces cost and storage challenges. Liquid fuels carrying hydrogen, biofuels, and synthetic hydrocarbons are also being explored as viable options. The scale of this energy transition is enormous, requiring a substantial increase in renewable energy production. Experts emphasize the need for a rapid shift towards renewable sources to meet the escalating demand for electricity and alternative fuels. Achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, entails a global transformation away from fossil fuels towards sustainable alternatives like green hydrogen and biofuels. While challenges remain, the future of transportation fuels appears promising. The International Energy Agency outlines pathways for achieving net-zero emissions, highlighting the role of sustainable fuels in various transport sectors. As the world strives to decarbonize and mitigate the impacts of climate change, a diverse mix of energy solutions is set to power the vehicles of tomorrow.