Australia and Africa are at the forefront of efforts to transition steelmaking to be more environmentally friendly by developing 'near-zero emission-intensity' pathways. Australian companies like Rio Tinto and BlueScope, along with Fortescue, are exploring ways to produce steel using renewable electricity and hydrogen instead of coking coal. Africa, with abundant energy resources and high-quality iron ore, is set to rival China as a major producer of low-emissions steel. The continent's potential for solar, wind, and hydroelectricity, along with large iron ore deposits, positions it well for green steel production. However, challenges such as governance, infrastructure, and low access to electricity need to be overcome for Africa to dominate the steel market in the future. While green steel production is currently expensive, both regions are investing in technologies to reduce carbon emissions. Australia, with its lesser-quality iron ore and infrastructure challenges, may play a supporting role in green steel production compared to Africa.