The article discusses the complexities of the energy transition in Africa, emphasizing the continent's unique position in facing the consequences of climate change despite contributing minimally to fossil fuel emissions. It explores the potential of renewable energy to address both energy poverty and climate issues, highlighting Africa's substantial untapped renewable energy potential. The discussion includes projections for increased renewable energy capacity by 2030 and 2035 and the challenges related to inadequate electricity transmission infrastructure. Additionally, the article delves into the impact of resource nationalism trends and foreign exchange controls on energy sector investments in Africa, pointing out the likelihood of disputes arising as countries implement significant policy and regulatory changes. The focus is on providing insights for those involved in arbitration within the energy sector in Africa, offering a comprehensive overview of the key issues and opportunities in navigating the energy transition.