An international research team published a study in Nature Communications quantifying the role of the hydrogen economy in decarbonizing the European economy by 2050. While electrification is deemed the most cost-efficient route for decarbonization in most economic sectors, direct hydrogen use is projected to have a maximum share of 10% in final energy consumption. Prof. Bob van der Zwaan emphasizes the critical role of hydrogen, particularly in heavy industry and transportation decarbonization pathways. The study, part of the European Climate and Energy Modeling Forum (ECEMF), combines eight energy system models to assess pathways towards achieving net-zero CO2 emissions in Europe. Challenges like sector coupling, where previously distinct sectors become interconnected, are highlighted. The study also discusses the potential for hydrogen in enabling sustainability transitions, such as producing synthetic kerosene for fossil-free air travel. Van der Zwaan stresses the need for further research to expand the role of hydrogen in the economy. While the hydrogen economy's current projected share is modest, its importance is expected to grow with advancements in technology and practical experience.