The Economic Survey of India underscores the country's commitment to maintaining coal as a crucial part of its energy mix to support the deployment of renewables while meeting energy demands and reducing carbon emissions. Despite pressure to phase out coal-based power generation, India recognizes the developmental needs that warrant the expansion of thermal power. The survey acknowledges the risks associated with large-scale renewable energy deployment, highlighting the importance of supplementing renewables with non-fossil fuel sources like nuclear, biofuels, and hydrogen. Diversification in energy sources, including renewables, green hydrogen, nuclear, and biofuels, is deemed essential to mitigate risks and achieve low-emission pathways. The document stresses the necessity for international cooperation in research and development across various energy sectors. It also calls for a balanced approach to climate change, advocating for a focus on immediate policy goals to enhance human welfare alongside long-term global climate management.