Coal Bed Methane (CBM) is identified as a crucial player in the global energy transition due to its cleaner nature compared to traditional coal energy sources. CBM is formed within coal seams and offers social and economic benefits as a cleaner energy alternative. Recent research has highlighted the importance of microbial diversity in the production of CBM, with microbial communities playing a significant role in biogenic methane generation. Studies have shown the prevalence of certain microbial phyla in coal bed ecosystems, emphasizing the need to understand and harness these microbes for efficient CBM production. In India, where coal remains a major source of energy, the focus on harnessing CBM reserves has intensified. Reports suggest that tapping into just a small portion of India's CBM reserves could lead to substantial energy cost savings, reducing the country's energy import bill significantly. A recent study conducted in Bokaro, India, delved into the microbial communities of CBM wells to understand their role in methane production better. By categorizing wells based on gas production levels, the study aimed to identify microbial distinctiveness in CBM wells, providing insights for optimizing biogenic methane production. The Bokaro coalfield in India's eastern region serves as a key sampling area for CBM research, with wells categorized as Producer or Marginal based on their gas production volumes. Understanding the microbial dynamics in CBM wells is crucial for enhancing methane production efficiency and reducing reliance on traditional coal energy sources. By utilizing metagenomics to analyze microbial communities in CBM wells, researchers aim to unlock the full potential of CBM for a more sustainable energy future.