The advancements in alternative fuel vehicles like Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCVs) and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are shaping the future of sustainable transportation. While both technologies aim to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions, they have distinct infrastructure requirements and environmental impacts. Next-generation batteries, especially solid-state batteries, are set to significantly enhance the performance and range of BEVs. The market for Next-Generation Batteries is expected to grow substantially by 2030. Solid-state batteries offer higher energy density, faster charging times, improved safety, and the potential to reduce the cost of BEVs. Additionally, ongoing research in battery technologies like lithium-sulfur and metal-air batteries is pushing the boundaries of what BEVs can achieve. HFCVs operate using hydrogen gas stored in high-pressure tanks and utilize a fuel cell stack to generate electricity, producing only water vapor as emission. On the other hand, BEVs are powered by electricity stored in lithium-ion batteries, with charging infrastructure widely available in urban areas and expanding rapidly. While hydrogen refueling infrastructure is still developing and costly, BEVs benefit from a well-established charging network. Environmental considerations play a crucial role in the sustainability of these vehicles. Green hydrogen production and research for sustainable battery production methods are underway to reduce the environmental impact. BEVs produce no tailpipe emissions, but the environmental impact is influenced by the electricity source used for charging. Both technologies face challenges regarding environmental sustainability. In terms of performance and range, HFCVs offer a range of 300-400 miles, suitable for long-distance travel, while BEVs are improving in range but still face challenges like range anxiety. Cost factors also come into play, with HFCVs generally being more expensive due to complex technology and higher operational costs compared to BEVs. In conclusion, both HFCVs and BEVs are essential for sustainable transportation, each with its unique strengths and challenges. The choice between the two depends on infrastructure development, technological advancements, and individual needs. As technology and infrastructure progress, costs decrease, making sustainable transportation more accessible and supporting the transition to cleaner mobility solutions.