Sustainable fuels, including biofuels, drop-in fuels, and synthetic fuels, are emerging as key players in the global shift towards decarbonisation and sustainability. These renewable energy carriers offer significant advantages in reducing emissions compared to conventional fuels. Biofuels, categorized into first and second-generation types, vary in their feedstocks and production processes, aiming to address sustainability concerns and reduce reliance on food crops while promoting waste utilization. Drop-in sustainable fuels are engineered to be compatible with current infrastructure, making them a practical choice for industries like aviation and heavy transport. Synthetic fuels, produced by combining low-carbon hydrogen with captured carbon, represent an innovative approach to creating environmentally friendly alternatives for challenging sectors. The growing interest and advancements in sustainable fuels underscore their potential in significantly mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and driving the transition towards a greener future.