The article discusses the importance of decarbonizing industrial materials production, which accounts for over 20% of global emissions. The transition is challenging due to limited alternatives to coal, gas, and oil as fuel sources. However, the adoption of hydrogen, carbon capture, and electrification is crucial in achieving significant emission reductions by 2030. The cost analysis presented in BloombergNEF's report indicates that various net-zero routes for steel, aluminum, and petrochemicals may incur cost premiums of around 50% or less, with potential future cost savings. Local resources, such as hydrogen costs, significantly influence the competitiveness of production routes, with regions like China and South America favoring hydrogen-based steel plants due to lower hydrogen costs. Subsidies in the US are highlighted as a key factor in making green petrochemicals competitive. Electrifying crackers is gaining traction in Europe, while North America focuses on carbon capture and blue hydrogen. Recycled aluminum emerges as a sustainable option with a minimal cost premium and a lower carbon footprint than new aluminum production. The overall sentiment of the article is positive, emphasizing the promising cost trends in transitioning to net-zero materials production and the importance of subsidies and innovative technologies in driving the industry's transformation.