BMW and Toyota have announced a collaboration to introduce a hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle in 2028, featuring Toyota's advanced third-generation fuel-cell stack technology. While the specific vehicle model hasn't been disclosed, there are speculations that it could be an SUV constructed on the BMW Neue Klasse platform. The partnership aims to merge electric motors and power electronics in both battery-electric and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, highlighting the complementary nature of the technologies. The potential integration of hydrogen powertrains into the BMW lineup raises questions about market viability, especially in regions like North America where establishing hydrogen fueling infrastructure may pose challenges. California's experience with hydrogen fueling stations, marked by delays and decommissioned facilities, serves as a cautionary tale. The companies are closely monitoring the development of hydrogen infrastructure before confirming market releases. BMW's stance on hydrogen as a means to export clean energy, particularly using 'green hydrogen' generated from renewable sources, suggests a strategic shift towards sustainable energy practices. The collaboration between BMW and Toyota signifies a long-term commitment to advancing hydrogen technology, with a vision to address decarbonization challenges in personal transportation and beyond. The success of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles in the upcoming years will heavily depend on infrastructure development and market demand.