A research team at the University of Science and Technology of China led by Prof. Wei Chen has made a significant breakthrough in battery technology by developing a new lithium-hydrogen (Li-H) battery system. The innovative approach involves utilizing hydrogen gas as the anode, a departure from traditional hydrogen-based batteries that use hydrogen as the cathode. This novel design significantly boosts energy density and working voltage, addressing the limitations of existing hydrogen batteries. The Li-H battery prototype, featuring a lithium metal anode, a platinum-coated gas diffusion layer as the hydrogen cathode, and a solid electrolyte (Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3), demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance during testing. It achieved an impressive theoretical energy density of 2825 Wh/kg and maintained a stable voltage of approximately 3 V with a round-trip efficiency of 99.7%. To enhance cost-efficiency and simplify manufacturing, the team introduced an anode-free Li-H battery variant that deposits lithium in the electrolyte using lithium salts during charging. This approach retained the benefits of the traditional Li-H battery while offering improved lithium plating efficiency, stability, and performance at low hydrogen concentrations. The study also utilized computational modeling techniques like Density Functional Theory simulations to better understand ion transport in the battery, enabling potential applications in various sectors, including renewable energy grids, electric vehicles, and aerospace technology. The Li-H battery system presents a promising alternative to traditional nickel-hydrogen batteries, boasting higher energy density, efficiency, and scalability. The anode-free design further enhances the affordability and practicality of hydrogen-powered batteries, paving the way for advanced energy storage solutions.