A recent study led by the University of Colorado-Boulder, in collaboration with SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, has unveiled a fundamental mechanism behind lithium-ion battery degradation. The research, published in the journal Science, highlights the detrimental role of hydrogen in the self-discharge process of rechargeable batteries, challenging the long-standing assumption that lithium ions were solely responsible. The findings suggest that hydrogen atoms from the battery's electrolyte migrate to the cathode, displacing lithium ions and causing structural damage that accelerates degradation. By focusing on hydrogen-induced mechanisms, the researchers propose innovative solutions to enhance battery performance and longevity. These include designing electrolytes with stable molecular structures, implementing protective coatings on cathodes, and reconsidering the overcharging of batteries to prevent electrolyte depletion. The implications of this research extend beyond lithium-ion batteries, offering insights into improving energy storage technologies for electric vehicles and grid-scale applications. By addressing the root cause of self-discharge, advancements in battery design could lead to more efficient and sustainable energy solutions, supporting the transition towards clean energy sources. The study's interdisciplinary approach, involving experts from academia and national laboratories, underscores the importance of collaborative research in driving innovation in battery technology. With potential implications for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector, this research paves the way for a greener and more energy-efficient future.