The article discusses the significant progress made in catalyst technology for various catalytic reactions related to hydrogen production and methane oxidation. Researchers have been focusing on developing advanced catalysts with atomically dispersed metal centers to enhance catalytic performance. Studies involving catalysts like Pt/α-MoC and Ni/α-MoC have demonstrated efficient low-temperature hydrogen production from water and methanol. Innovative approaches such as fully exposed cluster catalysts and single-atom catalysis have shown promising results in improving hydrogen production and methane oxidation processes. Additionally, the use of alloy catalysts, metal-support interfaces, and stable catalyst structures like Pd@CeO2 subunits have significantly enhanced catalytic activity for reactions such as methane combustion and carbon monoxide oxidation. These advancements in catalyst technology are crucial for achieving more efficient and sustainable processes in hydrogen production and methane oxidation.