A series of Z-scheme CdS/FeS2 photocatalysts were successfully synthesized for efficient hydrogen evolution and dehydrogenative C-C coupling. The optimal CdS/FeS2-10 photocatalysts exhibited high H2 production and C-C coupled products rate, along with exceptional selectivity. The study highlights the significance of integrating solar-driven hydrogen production with the selective conversion of biomass-derived alcohols into value-added chemicals. Mechanistic studies attribute the photocatalytic performance enhancement to the unique structure and spatial charge separation within the Z-scheme heterojunction. The research emphasizes the potential of combining hydrogen production and biomass conversion for sustainable energy and economically viable production of renewable energy. Strategies like interface modification engineering and co-catalyst hybridization are explored to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic systems, addressing challenges such as recombination of charge carriers and low conversion rates. The study aims to contribute insights into the synergetic production of H2 and selective conversion of biomass-derived alcohols to highly value-added chemicals, offering a promising solution for clean energy and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.